Your gateway to comprehensive financial knowledge with more than 2000 financial and economic terms
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Double Taxation Agreement
An international agreement with the purposes of avoiding double taxation and charging a taxpayer with double taxation in two contracting countries for the same income, profits, or evasion of income, and capital tax.
Sale Agency Agreement
A legal contract between a seller and an agency or representative, outlining the terms and conditions for the sale of products or services.
Technical Procedures
The mechanisms relevant to listing and trading securities to execute transactions including settlement, clearing, ownership registration, transfer and deposit of securities.
Fraud
The act of deceiving or manipulating information, assets, or processes with the intent to gain an unfair advantage, often resulting in financial losses or legal consequences.
Customs Formalities
All the operations which must be carried out by the persons concerned and by the Customs in order to comply with the Customs law.
Business Procedures
Standardized processes that organizations follow to ensure efficiency, consistency, and compliance.
Corporate Actions
Actions taken by an issuer which lead to increasing or decreasing the number of its securities or changing its nominal value including, for example, increasing or decreasing its capital.
Insignificant Probability
An event or outcome is highly unlikely to occur or has a very low chance of happening.
Ehkaam
Sector of Private Properties Affairs in the State Properties General Authority.
Transitional Rules
A set of statutory provisions that provide specific exceptions that are applied during the transitional period resulting from the issuance or amendment of any of the laws, regulations, tax or zakat instructions.
Black-Box Testing
A method of software testing examining functionality without looking at internal structures.
Emotional Experience Management
The systematic, strategic approach to understanding, measuring, and influencing the experiences and emotional responses of beneficiaries or employees.
Quality Management
A comprehensive approach to overseeing and improving the quality of products and services in an organization, often associated with ISO standards.
Private Sector Performance
The assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of privately owned economic institutions in achieving economic goals such as profits, growth, and job creation, including indicators such as efficiency, productivity, and growth rates.
Industrial Technology Department
A department focused on advancing technologies for industrial processes and manufacturing.
Customer Experience Management
Managing the experience by designing and responding to customers’ interactions to meet or exceed their expectations.
Digital Intelligence Instruments
Comprehensive solutions that provide organizations with tools and capabilities to collect, analyze, and derive insights from digital customer data across various channels and touchpoints.
Sector Growth Sustainability
The ability of an industry to grow consistently without depleting resources or harming the economy.
Qualified Dividend
A type of dividend income that receives favorable tax treatment, often subject to a lower tax rate than ordinary dividends.
Systemic Banking Crisis
A financial crisis that affects the entire banking system, often leading to widespread instability and the need for government intervention.
Appeal
The person against whom a decision or ruling has been issued must file a grievance before the Tax Violations and Disputes Resolution Committee or the competent judicial authority within the specified period.
Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)
Investing in companies that align with ethical, environmental, or social values.
Impact Investment
Investments made with the intention to generate positive social or environmental impact alongside financial returns.
Government Investments
Funds allocated by the government to invest in various projects, industries, or assets, which can contribute to the country's financial well-being.
Risk Response
A process through which actions are identified to improve opportunities and mitigate threats to an organization. This is done by avoiding, transferring, or accepting risks.
Private Transaction
A transaction involving the sale and purchase of shares of a company whose shares are listed on the market through a special offer or sale and purchase deal.
Reverse Takeover
An arrangement where a listed company makes an offer of new shares in itself to the shareholders of an unlisted company in exchange for their shares and theses new shares will represent more than 50% of the listed company voting shares after the acquisition.
Import of Goods
The entry of Goods into any member state from outside the GCC territory in accordance with the provisions of the Unified Common Customs Law.
Disaster Recovery
Plans and activities to restore critical business functions following cyber-attacks or disruptions.
Private Equity
Investments made directly into private companies rather than publicly traded stocks.
Import of Excise Goods
The entry into Saudi Arabia of excise goods which are not subsequently placed under a custom suspension arrangement besides customs clearance and release of excise goods for import purposes in Saudi Arabia.
Estimated Prices
Estimated reference price that is established based on the market prices.
Preferred Stock
A type of stock that provides fixed dividends and has priority over common stock in the distribution of assets and in the repayment of the stock’s value upon company liquidation.
Issuance
The creation and distribution of new securities, such as bonds or stocks, to the market, typically by corporations or government entities.
Export Subsidies
Government financial assistance to domestic firms for exporting goods, often aimed at making a country's exports more competitive internationally.
Domestic Bank Assets
Are the financial holdings, investments, and resources owned or controlled by a bank within its home country, excluding assets in foreign jurisdictions.
Re-Import
Importation into a Customs territory of goods previously exported from that territory.
Re-export
It refers to goods that have been previously imported and have undergone all customs procedures, and then re-exported without significant modification.
Insolvency
Actual insolvency or bankruptcy, or the commencement of any proceedings in respect of insolvency or bankruptcy under the Bankruptcy Regulations, or the commencement of any equivalent procedures in the Kingdom or in any other jurisdiction outside the Kingdom.
Dumping
The practice of exporting goods at below-market prices to gain market share and undermine competition.
Credit Obligation
A contractual commitment to repay borrowed funds or fulfill financial obligations, often associated with loans, bonds, or other credit arrangements.
Refused Payment Orders
Payment orders received from the government body and some observations are found in connection therewith, accordingly not recorded in the system, the government bodies are asked to get them back to address these observations.
Fund Sub-Custodian
A third party contracted by the custodian to perform some or all of the custodian’s functions in relation to an investment fund.
Local Production
The creation of goods or services within a specific region or country, rather than importing them.
Deferred Tax Liability
A tax obligation that a company owes but delays paying until a future period.
Physical Security
Measures to prevent unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and protect individuals and property.
Returned Payment Order
Returned payments orders from the Ministry of Finance, which are received from government bodies to address the observations.
Productivity
The efficiency of production, typically measured as output per unit of input.
Non-Oil Activities
Refer to all other economic activities except oil activities and government services.
Information System
A set of organizational elements that include people, processes, procedures, policies, activities, and technical tools, which are linked together. The purpose is to enter, retrieve, store, analyze and process data and information in its various forms.
Knowledge Production
The process of generating new ideas, research, and innovations to drive economic and social progress.
Engagement
Active participation and interaction among individuals or employees within an organization, which enhances a sense of commitment and loyalty.
Oil Activities
Oil Activities encompass the activities of crude oil, natural gas, and refining activities.
Critical Systems
Systems or networks whose disruption or compromise could adversely affect an organization's operations and national interests.
Overspending
The act of exceeding a budget or spending more than what was allocated or planned for a specific period, which can lead to financial difficulties.
Demerger
A type of Demerger where all of the shares in the spun-off entity/new entity to be formed to hold the asset, are distributed on a pro-rata basis to the Listed Company’s shareholders as dividend, resulting in a full separation of the two entities in a single process.
Fixed-Income Security
An investment that provides regular interest payments, such as bonds.
Termination of the Fund
The date on which the Fund ends according to the term or event specified in the Fund’s terms and conditions, including the asset sale phase and the distribution of unit holders’ dues to them.
Other Revenues
Revenues collected by the government from property income, sales of goods and services, fines, penalties, confiscations, and other transfers.
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