Your gateway to comprehensive financial knowledge with more than 2000 financial and economic terms
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Grace/ Allowing Period
A specific timeframe during which a borrower is granted an extension or delay in making a scheduled payment, often without incurring penalties or additional interest charges.
Subprime Loan
A loan given to borrowers with poor credit history, typically at higher interest rates.
Clearing House (CHB) Rules
A set of rules, regulations, procedures and instructions proposed by the Clearing House Board (CHB) of Directors and approved by the Board of the Capital Market Authority.
Estimated Bidding Value
The expected bidding value based on the previous tender criteria of the same activity and duration.
Payment Orders Value
The total values of the payment orders in riyal issued from Etimad.
Efficiency
The ability to achieve the highest level of output or performance with the least amount of input, time, or resources.
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
Organizations that are owned, controlled, or operated by a government or state authority.
Tadawul All Share Index (TASI)
tracks performance of all listed stocks on the Saudi Exchange main market.
Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI)
An economic indicator used to measure the economic activity of the industrial and services sectors, relying on monthly surveys of purchasing managers regarding business conditions such as production, employment, new orders, and prices.
Cash Accounting Basis
An alternative method for calculating and reporting Value Added Tax (VAT) based on the payment date for each supply.
Recession Risks
The negative effects arising from a slowdown in the economic activity, such as unemployment, job loss, decreased consumer purchasing power, and reduced investment.
Operational Risk
The risk of loss due to internal processes, systems, people, or external events, including fraud, errors, and disruptions, which can affect the organization's operations and financial stability.
Internal Auditing
A process that helps achieve an organization's objectives by adopting a systematic approach to evaluating and improving the effectiveness to governance, risk management, and compliance processes.
Economic Flexibility
An economy’s ability to adapt to external changes, such as technological advancements or market shifts.
Bidding Stage
Determining the current stage of the competition in terms of the procedures that have been completed.
Central Counterparty (CCP)
A central counterparty authorized in carrying out Securities Clearing activities in the Kingdom in accordance with the Capital Market Law and the Securities Central Counterparties Regulations.
Fiduciary Responsibility
A legal obligation where one party (like a financial advisor) must act in the best interests of another (like a client), prioritizing their financial well-being.
Economic Diversification Paths
Different strategies that economies adopt to achieve a more balanced and resilient structure.
Service Level
Agreed-upon standards or performance indicators that define the quality and responsiveness of a service.
Supportive Private Sector Participation (PSP) Projects
include the proposed Private Sector Participation (PSP) Projects that, when implemented, would achieve part of the PSP Plan objectives and the failure to do so, would not compromise the PSP Plan objectives.
Recovery Rate
The percentage of the initial investment that is expected to be recovered by investors in the event of a default. It's an important consideration when assessing credit risk.
Average Cost
The total cost of production of a commodity incurred by a firm during a period divided by the number of its units of output.
Benchmarking
The process of measuring the performance of products, services, or enterprise operations compared to other organizations in the same field.
Limited Competition
An invitation to a limited number of contractors and suppliers to do the required work for the government entity.
Disbursements to Date
Disbursements on program/project from its establishment until the date of the report or a specific period within the current fiscal year.
Trade Balance
The difference between the value of exports and imports over a specific period of time.
Quick Ratio (Acid-Test Ratio)
A financial ratio that measures a company's short-term liquidity by assessing its ability to cover immediate obligations using its most liquid assets.
Basis Point
A single basis point, often referred to as "bp," is a one-hundredth of a percentage point (0.01%). It's used to express small changes in interest rates or yields.
Capital Structure
The strategic and balanced mix of different financing sources that a company uses to finance its operations and achieve growth.
Statement of Qualifications (SOQ)
A statement submitted by the bidder to the Contracting Authority in response to a Request for Qualifications for a Private Sector Participation (PSP) Project.
Reverse Charge Mechanism
The mechanism by which the taxable customer is obligated to pay the tax due on be- half of the supplier, and he is also responsible for all the obligations provided for in the agreement (the Unified Agreement for VAT of the GCC) and the local VAT law and its applicable regulation.
Zakat Return
A form prepared by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, containing a number of elements and items, which must be completed and submitted by each taxpayer. The purpose of the declaration and its submission is to indicate the establishment's zakat base and enable the Authority to make the assessment in accordance with the declaration data.
Royal Order
An official document that expresses the King's direct and unilateral will. It is considered the strongest and highest regulatory instrument in the Kingdom. Royal decrees are issued in a specific format bearing the King's signature in his capacity as Head of State, not merely as Prime Minister. This occurs in matters that have not been presented to the Council of Ministers or the Shura Council.
Unemployment
Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. It is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The most frequently cited measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force.
Contract Classification
Contract classification registered on the Etimad platform is based on its type, whether it is supply, general construction, operations and maintenance, or consulting and technical services. Contracts are also classified according to the contracting procedures followed in competitions, such as public tender, direct purchase, limited competition, and electronic reverse auction.
Exchange Market
The Primary Exchange or Alternative Trading System including where the context permits any committee, sub-committee, employee, officer, affiliate or agent to whom any function of the Exchange may for the time being be delegated, and "on Exchange" means any activity taking place through or by the facilities provided by the Exchange.
Market Maker
A financial market institution licensed to engage in trading activities that enters buy and sell orders for securities on an ongoing basis for the purpose of providing liquidity for those securities in accordance with the regulations, rules, or procedures issued by the Capital Market Authority (CMA).
Real Estate Investment Traded Fund (REIT)
A real investment fund, the units of which are traded on the Main Market or the Parallel Market, and whose primary investment objective is to invest in constructionally developed real estates, able to generate periodic and rental income, and distribute a specified percentage of the fund's net profit in cash to the unitholders in such fund during its operation period, at least annually.
Code of Professional Conduct
A document and reference that are necessary to help any employee to do his daily decisions and work in a sound manner, the employee should adhere to laws and regulations accordingly. It also clarifies the principles of the entity and the values linking them to the way the employee is expected to perform his/her work.
Balance of Payments
A systematic statistical statement that records a country’s economic transactions with the rest of the world for a specific period, based on standardized concepts, definitions, classifications and data collection practices, in order to ensure national and international comparability.
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
A standardized framework for collecting and presenting government financial data consistently, including revenues, expenditures, financing, assets, and liabilities, used to analyze fiscal performance, compare data across countries, and support financial and economic decision-making.
Market Research
A systematic and objective investigation of a market to gather and analyze information about its size, trends, dynamics, competition, and other relevant factors.
Gross Profit
The profit a company earns after deducting the direct costs of producing or purchasing goods or services, representing the difference between revenue and the cost of goods sold.
Market Capitalization (Market Cap)
The total value of a company's outstanding shares of stock, calculated by multiplying the share price by the number of shares.
Head of the independent body
The head or governor of an organizationally and financially independent entity such as a government agency, institution, or fund.
Debt Collection Letter
A written communication sent to a debtor to request payment for an outstanding debt, outlining the amount owed, terms, and consequences of non-payment.
Fees
Are charges or payments required for services, transactions, or the use of certain financial products, such as account maintenance fees or service charges.
Collection Fees
Collection fees (percentage) imposed by the shipping company, where overseas freight and other charges are to be collected.
Exchangeable Debt Instrument
A debt instrument whose holder has the right to exchange it for shares in a company in which the issuer of that instrument owns a number of shares equal to or greater than the number of shares that can be exchanged for the exchangeable debt instrument.
Debt Settlement
The process in which a creditor and debtor reach an agreement on the repayment or partial payment of a debt, typically involving a reduction in the total amount owed or an adjustment of payment terms to resolve the debt.
Customer-Centric Risk Management
Identifying risks that could impact customer experience and satisfaction and taking the necessary arrangements to reduce or deal with it.
Central Bank
The primary financial institution responsible for managing a country's money supply, interest rates, and often, overseeing the banking system's stability.
Contract Expiry Date
The date of termination of the contractual engagement between the government entity and the other party according to the conditions and regulations mentioned in the contract.
Contract Award
The act of an entity confirming the conclusion of a contract with a specified third party after completing the tendering procedures, for the provision of services, execution of a project, or supply of the required goods.
Developing Economies
Countries facing challenges in economic growth, relying mostly on agriculture and natural resources, and dealing with issues in infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
Behavioral Economics
A field of economics that studies how psychological and emotional factors influence economic decisions.
Consumption
The process of using goods or resources directly in economic activities, either in production or personal consumption.
Freelance Economics
A labor market based on short-term contracts and freelance work instead of permanent jobs.
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