Your gateway to comprehensive financial knowledge with more than 2000 financial and economic terms
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Digital Intelligence Instruments
Comprehensive solutions that provide organizations with tools and capabilities to collect, analyze, and derive insights from digital customer data across various channels and touchpoints.
Sector Growth Sustainability
The ability of an industry to grow consistently without depleting resources or harming the economy.
Qualified Dividend
A type of dividend income that receives favorable tax treatment, often subject to a lower tax rate than ordinary dividends.
Systemic Banking Crisis
A financial crisis that affects the entire banking system, often leading to widespread instability and the need for government intervention.
Appeal
The person against whom a decision or ruling has been issued must file a grievance before the Tax Violations and Disputes Resolution Committee or the competent judicial authority within the specified period.
Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)
Investing in companies that align with ethical, environmental, or social values.
Impact Investment
Investments made with the intention to generate positive social or environmental impact alongside financial returns.
Government Investments
Funds allocated by the government to invest in various projects, industries, or assets, which can contribute to the country's financial well-being.
Risk Response
A process through which actions are identified to improve opportunities and mitigate threats to an organization. This is done by avoiding, transferring, or accepting risks.
Private Transaction
A transaction involving the sale and purchase of shares of a company whose shares are listed on the market through a special offer or sale and purchase deal.
Reverse Takeover
An arrangement where a listed company makes an offer of new shares in itself to the shareholders of an unlisted company in exchange for their shares and theses new shares will represent more than 50% of the listed company voting shares after the acquisition.
Import of Goods
The entry of Goods into any member state from outside the GCC territory in accordance with the provisions of the Unified Common Customs Law.
Disaster Recovery
Plans and activities to restore critical business functions following cyber-attacks or disruptions.
Private Equity
Investments made directly into private companies rather than publicly traded stocks.
Import of Excise Goods
The entry into Saudi Arabia of excise goods which are not subsequently placed under a custom suspension arrangement besides customs clearance and release of excise goods for import purposes in Saudi Arabia.
Estimated Prices
Estimated reference price that is established based on the market prices.
Preferred Stock
A type of stock that provides fixed dividends and has priority over common stock in the distribution of assets and in the repayment of the stock’s value upon company liquidation.
Issuance
The creation and distribution of new securities, such as bonds or stocks, to the market, typically by corporations or government entities.
Economic Reform
Changes or improvements made to the economic policies or systems to enhance efficiency, growth, and stability.
Export Subsidies
Government financial assistance to domestic firms for exporting goods, often aimed at making a country's exports more competitive internationally.
Domestic Bank Assets
Are the financial holdings, investments, and resources owned or controlled by a bank within its home country, excluding assets in foreign jurisdictions.
Control Frame (COSO)
A process, influenced by the entity's board of directors, executive management, and other individuals, that is designed to provide assurance that the entity is achieving its objectives that are related to operations, operating, reporting, and compliance with laws and regulations.
Internal Control Framework
A data structure that organizes and categorizes an organization's internal controls, they are practices and procedures that are put in place to create added value and reduce enterprise risks.
Re-Import
Importation into a Customs territory of goods previously exported from that territory.
Re-export
It refers to goods that have been previously imported and have undergone all customs procedures, and then re-exported without significant modification.
Insolvency
Actual insolvency or bankruptcy, or the commencement of any proceedings in respect of insolvency or bankruptcy under the Bankruptcy Regulations, or the commencement of any equivalent procedures in the Kingdom or in any other jurisdiction outside the Kingdom.
Dumping
The practice of exporting goods at below-market prices to gain market share and undermine competition.
Economic Outlook
A forecast of future economic conditions based on trends, indicators, and policy analysis.
Emerging Digital Economy
The shift to an economy driven by digital technologies, including e-commerce, fintech, blockchain, and AI-driven business models.
Non-Oil Economy
Economic sectors and activities that do not involve the production, extraction, or sale of petroleum or oil-related products.
Control Commitment
To make sure that the government entity adheres to all control regulations.
Knowledge Economy
An economy based on the production and management of knowledge and information, rather than physical goods.
Credit Obligation
A contractual commitment to repay borrowed funds or fulfill financial obligations, often associated with loans, bonds, or other credit arrangements.
Refused Payment Orders
Payment orders received from the government body and some observations are found in connection therewith, accordingly not recorded in the system, the government bodies are asked to get them back to address these observations.
Fund Sub-Custodian
A third party contracted by the custodian to perform some or all of the custodian’s functions in relation to an investment fund.
Local Production
The creation of goods or services within a specific region or country, rather than importing them.
Deferred Tax Liability
A tax obligation that a company owes but delays paying until a future period.
Physical Security
Measures to prevent unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and protect individuals and property.
Returned Payment Order
Returned payments orders from the Ministry of Finance, which are received from government bodies to address the observations.
Productivity
The efficiency of production, typically measured as output per unit of input.
Economic Recovery
The phase following a recession where the economy starts to grow again, with increased production, job creation, and rising confidence in markets.
Conglomerate Merger
A merger between companies in unrelated industries to diversify business operations.
Non-Oil Activities
Refer to all other economic activities except oil activities and government services.
Information System
A set of organizational elements that include people, processes, procedures, policies, activities, and technical tools, which are linked together. The purpose is to enter, retrieve, store, analyze and process data and information in its various forms.
Knowledge Production
The process of generating new ideas, research, and innovations to drive economic and social progress.
Engagement
Active participation and interaction among individuals or employees within an organization, which enhances a sense of commitment and loyalty.
Oil Activities
Oil Activities encompass the activities of crude oil, natural gas, and refining activities.
Critical Systems
Systems or networks whose disruption or compromise could adversely affect an organization's operations and national interests.
Economic Revitalization
A process aimed at improving or reinvigorating a stagnating or declining economy, often through investments, job creation, and infrastructure development.
Final Cash Consumption Expenditure of Households
Household spending for direct satisfaction of needs or wants through monetary transactions. It is generally associated with the domestic concept that includes expenditures made by households, regardless of nationality or residence, within the economic territory of the country.
Overspending
The act of exceeding a budget or spending more than what was allocated or planned for a specific period, which can lead to financial difficulties.
Demerger
A type of Demerger where all of the shares in the spun-off entity/new entity to be formed to hold the asset, are distributed on a pro-rata basis to the Listed Company’s shareholders as dividend, resulting in a full separation of the two entities in a single process.
Fixed-Income Security
An investment that provides regular interest payments, such as bonds.
Termination of the Fund
The date on which the Fund ends according to the term or event specified in the Fund’s terms and conditions, including the asset sale phase and the distribution of unit holders’ dues to them.
Other Revenues
Revenues collected by the government from property income, sales of goods and services, fines, penalties, confiscations, and other transfers.
Scorecard
A visual or tabular performance measurement tool used to track and evaluate progress, often using key performance indicators (KPIs).
Local Bank
An institution that has received a license to engage in banking business in accordance with the Laws of the Kingdom.
Control Environment
A set of standards, processes, and activities that provide the basis for carrying out internal control procedures in the entity.
Commissioning Start
On completion of construction, the process of testing to ensure the Private Party has met all preconditions necessary to commence operations.
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